This vignette holds code that was previously included as “demos” in
rgl. Some of the demos require R to be running; those
remain available via demo(package = "rgl").
##########
### 3D HIST EXAMPLE:
##########
################################################################################
##### Required functions 'binplot' and 'hist3d':
binplot.3d<-function(x,y,z,alpha=1,topcol="#ff0000",sidecol="#aaaaaa") {
save <- par3d(skipRedraw=TRUE)
on.exit(par3d(save))
x1<-c(rep(c(x[1],x[2],x[2],x[1]),3),rep(x[1],4),rep(x[2],4))
z1<-c(rep(0,4),rep(c(0,0,z,z),4))
y1<-c(y[1],y[1],y[2],y[2],rep(y[1],4),rep(y[2],4),rep(c(y[1],y[2],y[2],y[1]),2))
x2<-c(rep(c(x[1],x[1],x[2],x[2]),2),rep(c(x[1],x[2],rep(x[1],3),rep(x[2],3)),2))
z2<-c(rep(c(0,z),4),rep(0,8),rep(z,8) )
y2<-c(rep(y[1],4),rep(y[2],4),rep(c(rep(y[1],3),rep(y[2],3),y[1],y[2]),2) )
quads3d(x1,z1,y1,col=rep(sidecol,each=4),alpha=alpha)
quads3d(c(x[1],x[2],x[2],x[1]),rep(z,4),c(y[1],y[1],y[2],y[2]),
col=rep(topcol,each=4),alpha=1)
segments3d(x2,z2,y2,col="#000000")
}
hist3d<-function(x,y=NULL,nclass="auto",alpha=1,col="#ff0000",scale=10) {
save <- par3d(skipRedraw=TRUE)
on.exit(par3d(save))
xy <- xy.coords(x,y)
x <- xy$x
y <- xy$y
n<-length(x)
if (nclass == "auto") nclass<-ceiling(sqrt(nclass.Sturges(x)))
breaks.x <- seq(min(x),max(x),length=(nclass+1))
breaks.y <- seq(min(y),max(y),length=(nclass+1))
z<-matrix(0,(nclass),(nclass))
for (i in seq_len(nclass)) {
for (j in seq_len(nclass)) {
z[i, j] <- (1/n)*sum(x < breaks.x[i+1] & y < breaks.y[j+1] &
x >= breaks.x[i] & y >= breaks.y[j])
binplot.3d(c(breaks.x[i],breaks.x[i+1]),c(breaks.y[j],breaks.y[j+1]),
scale*z[i,j],alpha=alpha,topcol=col)
}
}
}
################################################################################
open3d()#> null
#> 15bg3d(color="gray")
light3d(0, 0)
# Drawing a 'bin' for given coordinates:
binplot.3d(c(-0.5,0.5),c(4.5,5.5),2,alpha=0.6)
# Setting the viewpoint ('theta' and 'phi' have the same meaning as in persp):
view3d(theta=40,phi=40)
##### QUADS FORMING BIN
open3d()#> null
#> 16# Defining transparency and colors:
alpha<-0.7; topcol<-"#ff0000"; sidecol<-"#aaaaaa"
# Setting up coordinates for the quads and adding them to the scene:
y<-x<-c(-1,1) ; z<-4; of<-0.3
x12<-c(x[1],x[2],x[2],x[1]); x11<-rep(x[1],4); x22<-rep(x[2],4)
z00<-rep(0,4); z0z<-c(0,0,z,z); zzz<-rep(z,4); y11<-rep(y[1],4)
y1122<-c(y[1],y[1],y[2],y[2]); y12<-c(y[1],y[2],y[2],y[1]); y22<-rep(y[2],4)
quads3d(c(x12,x12,x11-of,x12,x22+of,x12),
c(z00-of,rep(z0z,4),zzz+of),
c(y1122,y11-of,y12,y22+of,y12,y1122),
col=rep(c(rep(sidecol,5),topcol),each=4),alpha=c(rep(alpha,5),1))
# Setting up coordinates for the border-lines of the quads and drawing them:
yl1<-c(y[1],y[2],y[1],y[2]); yl2<-c(y[1]-of,y[1]-of)
xl<-c(rep(x[1],8),rep(x[1]-of,8),rep(c(x[1],x[2]),8),rep(x[2],8),rep(x[2]+of,8))
zl<-c(0,z,0,z,z+of,z+of,-of,-of,0,0,z,z,0,z,0,z,rep(0,4),rep(z,4),rep(-of,4),
rep(z+of,4),z+of,z+of,-of,-of,rep(c(0,z),4),0,0,z,z)
yl<-c(yl2,y[2]+of,y[2]+of,rep(c(y[1],y[2]),4),y[1],y[1],y[2],y[2],yl2,
rep(y[2]+of,4),yl2,y[2],y[2],rep(y[1],4),y[2],y[2],yl1,yl2,y[2]+of,
y[2]+of,y[1],y[1],y[2],y[2],yl1)
lines3d(xl,zl,yl,col="#000000")
view3d(theta=40,phi=40)
##### COMPLETE HISTOGRAM:
open3d()#> null
#> 17# Setting the rng to a fixed value:
set.seed(1000)
# Drawing a 3d histogramm of 2500 normaly distributed observations:
hist3d(rnorm(2500),rnorm(2500),alpha=0.4,nclass=7,scale=30)
# Choosing a lightgrey background:
bg3d(col="#cccccc")
view3d(theta=40,phi=40)# rgl demo: rgl-bivar.r
# author: Daniel Adler
rgl.demo.bivar <- function() {
if (!requireNamespace("MASS", quietly = TRUE))
stop("This demo requires MASS")
# parameters:
n<-50; ngrid<-40
# generate samples:
set.seed(31415)
x<-rnorm(n); y<-rnorm(n)
# estimate non-parameteric density surface via kernel smoothing
denobj <- MASS::kde2d(x, y, n=ngrid)
den.z <-denobj$z
# generate parametric density surface of a bivariate normal distribution
xgrid <- denobj$x
ygrid <- denobj$y
bi.z <- dnorm(xgrid)%*%t(dnorm(ygrid))
# visualize:
zscale<-20
# New window
open3d()
# clear scene:
clear3d("all")
# setup env:
bg3d(color="#887777")
light3d()
# Draws the simulated data as spheres on the baseline
spheres3d(x,y,rep(0,n),radius=0.1,color="#CCCCFF")
# Draws non-parametric density
surface3d(xgrid,ygrid,den.z*zscale,color="#FF2222",alpha=0.5)
# Draws parametric density
surface3d(xgrid,ygrid,bi.z*zscale,color="#CCCCFF",front="lines")
}
rgl.demo.bivar()# RGL-Demo: animal abundance
# Authors: Oleg Nenadic, Daniel Adler
rgl.demo.abundance <- function() {
open3d()
clear3d("all") # remove all shapes, lights, bounding-box, and restore viewpoint
# Setup environment:
bg3d(col="#cccccc") # setup background
light3d() # setup head-light
# Importing animal data (created with wisp)
terrain<-dget(system.file("demodata/region.dat",package="rgl"))
pop<-dget(system.file("demodata/population.dat",package="rgl"))
# Define colors for terrain
zlim <- range(terrain)
colorlut <- terrain.colors(82)
col1 <- colorlut[9*sqrt(3.6*(terrain-zlim[1])+2)]
# Set color to (water-)blue for regions with zero 'altitude'
col1[terrain==0]<-"#0000FF"
# Add terrain surface shape (i.e. population density):
surface3d(
1:100,seq(1,60,length=100),terrain,
col=col1,spec="#000000", ambient="#333333", back="lines"
)
# Define colors for simulated populations (males:blue, females:red):
col2<-pop[,4]
col2[col2==0]<-"#3333ff"
col2[col2==1]<-"#ff3333"
# Add simulated populations as sphere-set shape
spheres3d(
pop[,1],
pop[,2],
terrain[cbind( ceiling(pop[,1]),ceiling(pop[,2]*10/6) )]+0.5,
radius=0.2*pop[,3], col=col2, alpha=(1-(pop[,5])/10 )
)
}
rgl.demo.abundance()# demo: lsystem.r
# author: Daniel Adler
#
# geometry
#
deg2rad <- function( degree ) {
return( degree*pi/180 )
}
rotZ.m3x3 <- function( degree ) {
kc <- cos(deg2rad(degree))
ks <- sin(deg2rad(degree))
return(
matrix(
c(
kc, -ks, 0,
ks, kc, 0,
0, 0, 1
),ncol=3,byrow=TRUE
)
)
}
rotX.m3x3 <- function( degree ) {
kc <- cos(deg2rad(degree))
ks <- sin(deg2rad(degree))
return(
matrix(
c(
1, 0, 0,
0, kc, -ks,
0, ks, kc
),ncol=3,byrow=TRUE
)
)
}
rotY.m3x3 <- function( degree ) {
kc <- cos(deg2rad(degree))
ks <- sin(deg2rad(degree))
return(
matrix(
c(
kc, 0, ks,
0, 1, 0,
-ks, 0, kc
),ncol=3,byrow=TRUE
)
)
}
rotZ <- function( v, degree ) {
return( rotZ.m3x3(degree) %*% v)
}
rotX <- function( v, degree ) {
return( rotX.m3x3(degree) %*% v)
}
rotY <- function( v, degree ) {
return( rotY.m3x3(degree) %*% v)
}
#
# turtle graphics, rgl implementation:
#
turtle.init <- function(pos=c(0,0,0),head=0,pitch=90,roll=0,level=0) {
clear3d("all")
bg3d(color="gray")
light3d()
return( list(pos=pos,head=head,pitch=pitch,roll=roll,level=level) )
}
turtle.move <- function(turtle, steps, color) {
rm <- rotX.m3x3(turtle$pitch) %*% rotY.m3x3(turtle$head) %*% rotZ.m3x3(turtle$roll)
from <- as.vector( turtle$pos )
dir <- rm %*% c(0,0,-1)
to <- from + dir * steps
x <- c( from[1], to[1] )
y <- c( from[2], to[2] )
z <- c( from[3], to[3] )
lines3d(x,y,z,col=color,size=1.5,alpha=0.5)
turtle$pos <- to
return(turtle)
}
turtle.pitch <- function(turtle, degree) {
turtle$pitch <- turtle$pitch + degree
return(turtle)
}
turtle.head <- function(turtle, degree) {
turtle$head <- turtle$head + degree
return(turtle)
}
turtle.roll <- function(turtle, degree) {
turtle$roll <- turtle$roll + degree
return(turtle)
}
#
# l-system general
#
lsystem.code <- function( x )
substitute( x )
lsystem.gen <- function( x, grammar, levels=0 ) {
code <- eval( substitute( substitute( REPLACE , grammar ), list(REPLACE=x) ) )
if (levels)
return( lsystem.gen( code , grammar , levels-1 ) )
else
return( code )
}
#
# l-system plot
#
lsystem.plot <- function( expr, level ) {
turtle <- turtle.init(level=level)
lsystem.eval( expr, turtle )
}
lsystem.eval <- function( expr, turtle ) {
if ( length(expr) == 3 ) {
turtle <- lsystem.eval( expr[[2]], turtle )
turtle <- lsystem.eval( expr[[3]], turtle )
turtle <- lsystem.eval( expr[[1]], turtle )
} else if ( length(expr) == 2 ) {
saved <- turtle
turtle <- lsystem.eval( expr[[1]], turtle )
turtle <- lsystem.eval( expr[[2]], turtle )
turtle <- saved
} else if ( length(expr) == 1 ) {
if ( as.name(expr) == "stem" ) turtle <- turtle.move(turtle, 5, "brown")
else if ( as.name(expr) == "short") turtle <- turtle.move(turtle, 5, "brown")
else if ( as.name(expr) == "leaf" ) {
spheres3d(turtle$pos[1],turtle$pos[2],turtle$pos[3],radius=0.1+turtle$level*0.3,color="green")
sprites3d(turtle$pos[1],turtle$pos[2],turtle$pos[3],radius=0.5+turtle$level*0.3 ,color="green",texture=system.file("textures/particle.png",package="rgl"),textype="alpha",alpha=0.5)
}
else if ( as.name(expr) == "roll" ) turtle <- turtle.head(turtle, 60)
else if ( as.name(expr) == "down" ) turtle <- turtle.pitch(turtle,10)
else if ( as.name(expr) == "up" ) turtle <- turtle.pitch(turtle,-10)
else if ( as.name(expr) == "left" ) turtle <- turtle.head(turtle, 1)
else if ( as.name(expr) == "right") turtle <- turtle.head(turtle,-1.5)
else if ( as.name(expr) == "turnleft") turtle <- turtle.head(turtle,20)
else if ( as.name(expr) == "turnright") turtle <- turtle.head(turtle,-20)
else if ( as.name(expr) == "turn") turtle <- turtle.roll(turtle,180)
}
return(turtle)
}
#
# example
#
simple <- function(level=0) {
grammar <- list(
stem=lsystem.code(
stem-(up-stem-leaf)-stem-(down-stem-leaf)-stem-leaf
)
)
plant <- lsystem.gen(lsystem.code(stem), grammar, level )
lsystem.plot(plant,level)
}
rgl.demo.lsystem <- function(level=0) {
gen <- list(
stem=lsystem.code(
stem-left-stem-branch( turnleft-down-short-turnleft-down-stem-leaf)-right-right-stem--branch( turnright-up-short-turnright-up-short-turnright-short-stem-leaf)-left-left-left-stem-branch( turnleft-down-short-turnright-down-stem-leaf )-branch( up-turnright-short-up-turnleft-up-stem-leaf )
)
)
plant <- lsystem.gen(lsystem.code(stem), gen, level )
lsystem.plot(plant,level)
}
open3d()#> null
#> 20rgl.demo.lsystem(level=1)#> $pos
#> [,1]
#> [1,] -2.092747e+00
#> [2,] 7.992083e+01
#> [3,] -4.893740e-15
#>
#> $head
#> [1] 5
#>
#> $pitch
#> [1] 90
#>
#> $roll
#> [1] 0
#>
#> $level
#> [1] 1rglwidget()# RGL-demo: subdivision surfaces
# author: Daniel Adler
rgl.demo.subdivision <- function() {
# setup environment
clear3d("all")
view3d()
bg3d(color="gray")
light3d()
# generate basic mesh
obj <- oh3d()
part <- function( level, tx, ... ) {
shade3d( translate3d( obj, tx, 0, 0 )
, color="gray30", front="lines",alpha=0.5,back="lines", override=TRUE
)
shade3d( translate3d( subdivision3d( obj, depth=level ), tx, 0, 0 )
, override=TRUE, ... )
}
part(0, -5.50, color="blue" )
part(1, -1.75, color="yellow" )
part(2, 1.75, color="red" )
part(3, 5.50, color="green" )
}
open3d()#> null
#> 21rgl.demo.subdivision()# RGL-Demo: environment mapping
# Author: Daniel Adler
rgl.demo.envmap <- function() {
open3d()
# Clear scene:
clear3d("all")
light3d()
bg3d(sphere=TRUE, color="white", back="filled"
, texture=system.file("textures/refmap.png",package="rgl")
)
data(volcano)
surface3d( 10*seq_len(nrow(volcano)),10*seq_len(ncol(volcano)),5*volcano
, texture=system.file("textures/refmap.png",package="rgl")
, texenvmap=TRUE
, texmode="modulate"
, color = "white"
)
}
rgl.demo.envmap()cone3d <- function(base=c(0,0,0),tip=c(0,0,1),rad=1,n=30,draw.base=TRUE,qmesh=FALSE,
trans = par3d("userMatrix"), ...) {
ax <- tip-base
if (missing(trans) && !cur3d()) trans <- diag(4)
### is there a better way?
if (ax[1]!=0) {
p1 <- c(-ax[2]/ax[1],1,0)
p1 <- p1/sqrt(sum(p1^2))
if (p1[1]!=0) {
p2 <- c(-p1[2]/p1[1],1,0)
p2[3] <- -sum(p2*ax)
p2 <- p2/sqrt(sum(p2^2))
} else {
p2 <- c(0,0,1)
}
} else if (ax[2]!=0) {
p1 <- c(0,-ax[3]/ax[2],1)
p1 <- p1/sqrt(sum(p1^2))
if (p1[1]!=0) {
p2 <- c(0,-p1[3]/p1[2],1)
p2[3] <- -sum(p2*ax)
p2 <- p2/sqrt(sum(p2^2))
} else {
p2 <- c(1,0,0)
}
} else {
p1 <- c(0,1,0); p2 <- c(1,0,0)
}
degvec <- seq(0,2*pi,length=n+1)[-1]
ecoord2 <- function(theta) {
base+rad*(cos(theta)*p1+sin(theta)*p2)
}
i <- rbind(1:n,c(2:n,1),rep(n+1,n))
v <- cbind(sapply(degvec,ecoord2),tip)
if (qmesh)
## minor kluge for quads -- draw tip twice
i <- rbind(i,rep(n+1,n))
if (draw.base) {
v <- cbind(v,base)
i.x <- rbind(c(2:n,1),1:n,rep(n+2,n))
if (qmesh) ## add base twice
i.x <- rbind(i.x,rep(n+2,n))
i <- cbind(i,i.x)
}
if (qmesh) v <- rbind(v,rep(1,ncol(v))) ## homogeneous
if (!qmesh)
triangles3d(v[1,i],v[2,i],v[3,i],...)
else
return(rotate3d(qmesh3d(v,i,material=list(...)), matrix=trans))
}
ellipsoid3d <- function(rx=1,ry=1,rz=1,n=30,ctr=c(0,0,0),
qmesh=FALSE,
trans = par3d("userMatrix"),...) {
if (missing(trans) && !cur3d()) trans <- diag(4)
degvec <- seq(0,pi,length=n)
ecoord2 <- function(p)
c(rx*cos(p[1])*sin(p[2]),ry*sin(p[1])*sin(p[2]),rz*cos(p[2]))
v <- apply(expand.grid(2*degvec,degvec),1,ecoord2)
if (qmesh) v <- rbind(v,rep(1,ncol(v))) ## homogeneous
e <- expand.grid(1:(n-1),1:n)
i1 <- apply(e,1,function(z)z[1]+n*(z[2]-1))
i2 <- i1+1
i3 <- (i1+n-1) %% n^2 + 1
i4 <- (i2+n-1) %% n^2 + 1
i <- rbind(i1,i2,i4,i3)
if (!qmesh)
quads3d(v[1,i],v[2,i],v[3,i],...)
else return(rotate3d(qmesh3d(v,i,material=list(...)),matrix=trans))
}
############
open3d()#> null
#> 23ellipsoid3d(ctr=c(2,2,2),rx=3,ry=2,col="red",alpha=0.4)
cone3d(base=c(-2,-2,-2),rad=0.5,tip=c(-3,0,-4),col="blue",front="lines",back="lines")
shade3d(translate3d(cube3d(),3,-2,3,col="purple"))
### now with qmesh()
open3d()#> null
#> 24q1 <- cone3d(qmesh=TRUE,trans=diag(4)) ## the "unit cone";
## height=1,radius=1, base at (0,0,0)
shade3d(q1)
## various transformations and rotations
wire3d(translate3d(q1,3,0,0),col="green")
wire3d(translate3d(scale3d(q1,1,1,2),6,0,0),col="green")
dot3d(translate3d(q1,0,3,0),col="green")
dot3d(translate3d(scale3d(q1,2,1,1),0,6,0),col="green")
shade3d(translate3d(q1,0,0,3),col="red")
shade3d(translate3d(rotate3d(scale3d(q1,1,1,2),pi/4,0,1,0),0,0,6),col="red")
axes3d()
open3d()#> null
#> 25s1 <- ellipsoid3d(qmesh=TRUE,trans=diag(4)) ## the "unit sphere";
## radius=1, ctr at (0,0,0)
shade3d(s1)
## various transformations and rotations
wire3d(translate3d(s1,3,0,0),col="green")
wire3d(translate3d(scale3d(s1,1,1,2),6,0,0),col="green")
dot3d(translate3d(s1,0,3,0),col="green")
dot3d(translate3d(scale3d(s1,2,1,1),0,6,0),col="green")
shade3d(translate3d(s1,0,0,3),col="red")
shade3d(translate3d(rotate3d(scale3d(s1,1,1,2),pi/4,0,1,0),0,0,6),col="red")
axes3d()cone3d <- function(base,tip,rad,n=30,...) {
degvec <- seq(0,2*pi,length=n)
ax <- tip-base
## what do if ax[1]==0?
if (ax[1]!=0) {
p1 <- c(-ax[2]/ax[1],1,0)
p1 <- p1/sqrt(sum(p1^2))
if (p1[1]!=0) {
p2 <- c(-p1[2]/p1[1],1,0)
p2[3] <- -sum(p2*ax)
p2 <- p2/sqrt(sum(p2^2))
} else {
p2 <- c(0,0,1)
}
} else if (ax[2]!=0) {
p1 <- c(0,-ax[3]/ax[2],1)
p1 <- p1/sqrt(sum(p1^2))
if (p1[1]!=0) {
p2 <- c(0,-p1[3]/p1[2],1)
p2[3] <- -sum(p2*ax)
p2 <- p2/sqrt(sum(p2^2))
} else {
p2 <- c(1,0,0)
}
} else {
p1 <- c(0,1,0); p2 <- c(1,0,0)
}
ecoord2 <- function(theta) {
base+rad*(cos(theta)*p1+sin(theta)*p2)
}
for (i in seq_len(n-1)) {
li <- ecoord2(degvec[i])
lj <- ecoord2(degvec[i+1])
triangles3d(c(li[1],lj[1],tip[1]),c(li[2],lj[2],tip[2]),c(li[3],lj[3],tip[3]),...)
}
}
lollipop3d <- function(data.x,data.y,data.z,surf.fun,surf.n=50,
xlim=range(data.x),
ylim=range(data.y),
zlim=range(data.z),
asp=c(y=1,z=1),
xlab=deparse(substitute(x)),
ylab=deparse(substitute(y)),
zlab=deparse(substitute(z)),
alpha.surf=0.4,
col.surf=fg,col.stem=c(fg,fg),
col.pt="gray",type.surf="line",ptsize,
lwd.stem=2,lit=TRUE,bg="white",fg="black",
col.axes=fg,col.axlabs=fg,
axis.arrow=TRUE,axis.labels=TRUE,
box.col=bg,
axes=c("lines","box")) {
axes <- match.arg(axes)
col.stem <- rep(col.stem,length=2)
x.ticks <- pretty(xlim)
x.ticks <- x.ticks[x.ticks>=min(xlim) & x.ticks<=max(xlim)]
x.ticklabs <- if (axis.labels) as.character(x.ticks) else NULL
y.ticks <- pretty(ylim)
y.ticks <- y.ticks[y.ticks>=min(ylim) & y.ticks<=max(ylim)]
y.ticklabs <- if (axis.labels) as.character(y.ticks) else NULL
z.ticks <- pretty(zlim)
z.ticks <- z.ticks[z.ticks>=min(zlim) & z.ticks<=max(zlim)]
z.ticklabs <- if (axis.labels) as.character(z.ticks) else NULL
if (!missing(surf.fun)) {
surf.x <- seq(xlim[1],xlim[2],length=surf.n)
surf.y <- seq(ylim[1],ylim[2],length=surf.n)
surf.z <- outer(surf.x,surf.y,surf.fun) ## requires surf.fun be vectorized
z.interc <- surf.fun(data.x,data.y)
zdiff <- diff(range(c(surf.z,data.z)))
} else {
z.interc <- rep(min(data.z),length(data.x))
zdiff <- diff(range(data.z))
}
xdiff <- diff(xlim)
ydiff <- diff(ylim)
y.adj <- if (asp[1]<=0) 1 else asp[1]*xdiff/ydiff
data.y <- y.adj*data.y
y.ticks <- y.adj*y.ticks
ylim <- ylim*y.adj
ydiff <- diff(ylim)
z.adj <- if (asp[2]<=0) 1 else asp[2]*xdiff/zdiff
data.z <- z.adj*data.z
if (!missing(surf.fun)) {
surf.y <- y.adj*surf.y
surf.z <- z.adj*surf.z
}
z.interc <- z.adj*z.interc
z.ticks <- z.adj*z.ticks
zlim <- z.adj*zlim
open3d()
clear3d("all")
light3d()
bg3d(color=c(bg,fg))
if (!missing(surf.fun))
surface3d(surf.x,surf.y,surf.z,alpha=alpha.surf,
front=type.surf,back=type.surf,
col=col.surf,lit=lit)
if (missing(ptsize)) ptsize <- 0.02*xdiff
## draw points
spheres3d(data.x,data.y,data.z,r=ptsize,lit=lit,color=col.pt)
## draw lollipops
apply(cbind(data.x,data.y,data.z,z.interc),1,
function(X) {
lines3d(x=rep(X[1],2),
y=rep(X[2],2),
z=c(X[3],X[4]),
col=ifelse(X[3]>X[4],col.stem[1],
col.stem[2]),lwd=lwd.stem)
})
if (axes=="box") {
bbox3d(xat=x.ticks,xlab=x.ticklabs,
yat=y.ticks,ylab=y.ticklabs,
zat=z.ticks,zlab=z.ticklabs,lit=lit)
} else if (axes=="lines") { ## set up axis lines
axis3d(edge="x",at=x.ticks,labels=x.ticklabs,
col=col.axes,arrow=axis.arrow)
axis3d(edge="y",at=y.ticks,labels=y.ticklabs,
col=col.axes,arrow=axis.arrow)
axis3d(edge="z",at=z.ticks,labels=z.ticklabs,
col=col.axes,arrow=axis.arrow)
box3d(col=col.axes)
}
decorate3d(xlab=xlab, ylab=ylab, zlab=zlab, box=FALSE, axes=FALSE, col=col.axlabs)
}
x <- 1:5
y <- x*10
z <- (x+y)/20
open3d()#> null
#> 26spheres3d(x,y,z)
axes3d()
set.seed(1001)
x <- runif(30)
y <- runif(30,max=2)
dfun <- function(x,y) 2*x+3*y+2*x*y+3*y^2
z <- dfun(x,y)+rnorm(30,sd=0.5)
## lollipops only
lollipop3d(x,y,z)
## lollipops plus theoretical surface
open3d()#> null
#> 28lollipop3d(x,y,z,dfun,col.pt="red",col.stem=c("red","blue"))
## lollipops plus regression fit
linmodel <- lm(z~x+y)
dfun <- function(x,y) predict(linmodel,newdata=data.frame(x=x,y=y))
open3d()#> null
#> 30lollipop3d(x,y,z,dfun,col.pt="red",col.stem=c("red","blue"))
####